Best-fit models (1, 2, and 3 σ bounds shading) retrieved with ARCiS from the Nikolov et al. (2022) pre-JWST observations. ARCiS retrieval without clouds (purple) and with cloud formation (orange; as described in Ormel & Min 2019). Both retrievals assume equilibrium chemistry. The retrieved parameters for the cloud formation are shown in Fig. B.1, and for the case without clouds, they are shown in Fig. B.2. MPM refers to the median probability model, which is slightly different from the best-fit model; see text. Left: retrieved spectrum. Right: retrieved pressure–temperature profile. The GCM temperature-pressure structures are over-plotted for reference in the same colour scheme as in Fig. 1.