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Fig. 1.

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Critical mass ratios for stars with different masses and in different evolutionary stages. Left and right panels are for Ge’s and polytropic models, respectively. The black solid lines represent the minimum separation (q = 1) for which the primary fills its Roche lobe at a certain evolutionary stage, as indicated in the panels. A star with a mass ≳8 M has no TP-AGB phase because the CO core will ignite carbon in the AGB and results in the SN explosion (Hurley et al. 2000). We note that the results are obtained following the BPS simulations and all of the simulated binaries are considered. We find about 40.5% and 74.0% binaries would enter into CE phase for Ge’s and polytropic models, respectively. Abbreviations are as follows: ZAMS–zero-age main sequence, HG–Hertzsprung gap, RGB-red giant branch, AGB–asymptotic giant branch, TP-AGB–thermal pulse AGB.

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