Comparison of atmospheric retrieval studies with this work. Left: refractory enrichment (blue) and volatile enrichment (orange) for model-migration (colored regions) and model-in situ (dashed lines). The orange circles, blue triangles, and blue diamonds show the retrieved mass abundances of Welbanks et al. (2019) for H₂O, Na, and K, respectively. We note that WASP-31b and WASP-96b have the same mass of 0.48 M_♃. For this mass, the potassium measurement corresponds to WASP-31b and the sodium measurement corresponds to WASP-96b. Right: same as left but for four retrievals of WASP-96b: Welbanks et al. (2019), Yip et al. (2021), Nikolov et al. (2022), and McGruder et al. (2022). We note that the orange circle for Nikolov et al. (2022) shows the oxygen abundance and not the water abundance. Also, we have converted the volume mixing ratios from the atmospheric retrieval studies to mass enrichment.