Comparison of the field shaking S_z, fs and flux emergence S_z, fe terms of the vertical Poynting flux in the simulation domain, at t = 40 min. Left: average total Poynting flux versus height in black, with the field shaking and flux emergence terms in red and blue respectively. Due to the range of scale, the y-axis is limited to a few kW/m². The floating values indicate the approximate value of each term in the upper-convection zone. The average contribution of the flux emergence term to the vertical Poynting flux versus height is also shown. Right: this ratio is instead vertically averaged above 6 Mm (i.e. at the top of the simulation domain), again for t = 40 min. This highlights the network of magnetic swirls/funnels that exist throughout the domain.