Total flux of starlight that is reflected by cloud-free, dry model planets (left column) and cloud-free ocean planets (right column) as functions of → at 1 nm resolution, for nine phase angles → from 90° (dark blue) to 170° (dark red) with steps of 10° (see Fig. 8 for the colors of the different →’s). The surface albedo a_s of the dry planets is 0.0 (top left), 0.1 (middle left), and 0.8 (bottom left). The wind speed v over the oceans is 13 ms^→1 (top right), 7 ms^→1 (middle right), and 1 ms^→1 (bottom right).