Fig. 10.

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Magnetic connection to the Sun by interplanetary Parker-spiral field lines and PFSS modelling on 2021 Oct. 28 16:00 UT. The vantage points are (from left to right) Parker Solar Probe, STEREO A, Solar Orbiter (blue), the Earth (green), and Bepi Colombo. The field lines are Parker spirals for the measured solar wind speed between the vantage point (305 km s−1 for the Earth/L1) and the solar wind source surface at heliocentric distance 2.5 R⊙ (logarithmic distance scale) and a potential field-source surface extrapolation of the photospheric magnetogram from the source surface to the solar photosphere (linear distance scale. The colour code of the PFSS field lines shows the heliocentric latitude, from southern latitudes in blue to northern latitudes displayed in red shading.
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