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Table 1.
Properties of photospheric vortices and chromospheric swirls derived via observations and simulations.
| Space density | Occurrence rate | Radius | Lifetime | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (vortices Mm−2) | (vortices Mm−2 min−1) | (Mm) | (min) | |
| Photospheric observations | ||||
| Brandt et al. (1988) | 0.25 | > 90 | ||
| Bonet et al. (2008) | 9 × 10−3 | 1.8 × 10−3 | ≲0.5 | 5.1 ± 2.1 |
| Attie et al. (2009) | ∼7.5 & ∼10.5 | > 90 & > 120 | ||
| Bonet et al. (2010) | 2.4 × 10−2 | 3.1 × 10−3 | 0.5 | 7.9 ± 3.2 |
| Balmaceda et al. (2010) | 0.9 | ≳20 | ||
| Vargas Domínguez et al. (2011) | 2.8 × 10−2 | ∼1.4 × 10−3 | 0.25 | ∼10–20 |
| Requerey et al. (2018) | 2.5 | ∼420 (7 h) | ||
| Giagkiozis et al. (2018) | 0.24 | 0.84 | ∼0.28 | 0.29 |
| Liu et al. (2019) | 6.1 × 10−2 | 0.29 ± 0.064 | 0.35 | |
| Chromospheric observations | ||||
| Wedemeyer-Böhm & Rouppe van der Voort (2009) | 1.24 × 10−4 | 0.75 | ||
| Wedemeyer-Böhm et al. (2012) | 2 × 10−3 | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 12.7 ± 4 | |
| Park et al. (2016) | 0.3 & 0.7 | 1 & 2 | ||
| Tziotziou et al. (2018) | ∼2.2 | > 102 | ||
| Shetye et al. (2019) | ∼1 | ∼10 | ||
| Present study | ∼8 × 10−2 | ∼10−2 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 10.3 ± 0.3 |
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