Estimated and measured LyC absolute escape fractions of high- and low-z galaxies as a function of the observed . Open circles and squares show the predictions from the UV LIS lines for individual galaxies and stacks, respectively, taken from Harikane et al. (2020) at z ∼ 6, in pink; Sugahara et al. (2019) at z ∼ 5, in dark red; Leethochawalit et al. (2016) at z ∼ 4 − 5, in blue; Jones et al. (2013) at z ∼ 2 − 4, in light green; and Jones et al. (2012) at z ∼ 4, in green. Direct measurements from this paper (LzLCS and literature) are plotted in light gray and red; z ∼ 3 measurements from Pahl et al. (2021) measurements are displayed with filled black symbols, for comparison. Downward-pointing arrows represent sources with estimated  ≈ 0.