Projected phase space diagrams (see text) for MS 0451 (left) and MACS 0717 (right). For MS 0451, the 359 galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts in the cluster range are in grey, and RPS candidates of samples 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d are respectively shown as small green, large green, blue, and red points. For MACS 0717, all galaxies in the cluster range are in black and RPS candidates are in red. The vertical and oblique dashed lines are those of Fig. 9 of Mahajan et al. (2011) as explained in the text.