Distribution functions for three species as described in the text, with H₂O⁺ split by energy. The first row is H⁺ (a−c), the second He²⁺ (d−f), third H₂O⁺ > 60 eV (g−i), and fourth H₂O⁺< 60 eV (j−l). Each column is a projection onto a different pair of axes, with the first column the v_x − v_B plane, second v_x − v_E plane, and third v_B − v_E plane. The color indicates value of the distribution function, bin-averaged over 3 h (14:00 − 17:00) on 2016-01-23. Color bars are in units of s³/m⁶.