Open Access

Table A.1

Methanol transitions.

No. CH3OH Rest frequency Line Class Eup ncrit W31C Note
Transition (MHz) (GHz) (K) (cm−3) Reference
series

1 00 − 1−1E 108 893.963(7)* 108 II 13.1 2.28×104 this work maser?/thermal
2 20 − 3−1E 12 178.597(4)* 12.2 II 20.1 7.58×104 this work,(1)−(3) maser & absorption
3 4−1 − 30E 36 169.265(30)* 36 I 28.8 5.01×104 this work,(4),(5) maser
4 5−1 − 40E 84 521.169(10)* 84 I 40.4 1.04×105 this work,(5) maser
5 6−1 − 50E 132 890.692(10)* 132.9 I 54.3 1.88×105 (6) maser?/thermal
6 8−1 − 70E 229 758.760(50)* 229 I 89.1 4.92×105 this work maser?/thermal

series

7 3−2 − 4−1E 230 027.047(11)α 230 - 39.8 2.93×106 this work thermal
8 5−2 − 6−1E 133 605.439(11)α 133.6 II 60.7 3.19×106 (6) maser?/thermal
9 6−2 − 7−1E 85 568.084(10)* 85.6 II 74.7 3.54×106 this work inverse P-Cygni
10 7−2 − 8−1E 37 703.700(30)* 37.7 II 90.9 3.98×106 this work absorption
11 11−1 − 10−2E 104 300.414(7)* 104 I 158.6 1.49×106 this work maser?/thermal

series

12 21 − 30E 19 967.3961(2)* 19.9 II 28.0 1.53×105 this work,(7) inverse P-Cygni(a)
13 80 − 71E 220 078.561(8)α 220 - 96.6 1.25×106 this work thermal

J2J1E @25 GHz series

14 22 − 21E 24 934.3801(16)β 24.934 I 29.2 2.85×104 this work,(8) maser?/thermal(b)
15 32 − 31E 24 928.6994(8)β 24.928 I 36.3 6.76×104 this work,(8) maser?/thermal(b)
16 42 − 41E 24 933.4693(8)β 24.933 I 45.5 1.31×105 this work,(8) maser?/thermal(b)
17 52 − 51E 24 959.0789(4)* 24.959 I 57.1 2.29×105 this work,(8) maser(b)
18 62 − 61E 25 018.1225(4)* 25.018 I 71.0 3.71×105 this work,(8) maser(b)
19 72 − 71E 25 124.8719(4)* 25.124 I 87.3 5.69×105 this work maser(b)
20 82 − 81E 25 294.4165(2)* 25.294 I 105.8 8.14×105 this work maser(b)
21 92 − 91E 25 541.3979(4)* 25.541 I 126.7 1.12×106 this work inverse P-Cygni(b)
22 102 − 101E 25 878.2661(4)* 25.878 I 150.0 1.53×106 this work inverse P-Cygni(b)

23 51 − 42E 216 945.521(12)α 216 II 55.9 4.84×105 this work maser?/thermal
24 42 − 31E 218 440.063(13)α 218 I 45.5 1.31×105 this work maser?/thermal

series

25 31 − 40 A+ 107 013.803(5)* 107 II 28.3 9.17×105 this work maser?/thermal
26 51 − 60 A+ 6 668.5188(4)β 6.7 II 49.1 1.66×106 this work,(9)−(12) maser & absorption
27 70 − 61 A+ 44 069.410(10)* 44 I 65.0 2.80×105 this work,(13)−(15) maser
28 80 − 71 A+ 95 169.463(10)* 95 I 83.5 4.29×105 this work,(16) maser

series

29 62 − 53 A 38 293.268(50)* 38.3 II 86.5 3.76×106 this work absorption
30 62 − 53 A+ 38 452.677(50)* 38.5 II 86.5 3.81×106 this work absorption
31 72 − 63 A 86 615.600(5)* 86.6 II 102.7 4.30×106 this work absorption
32 72 − 63 A+ 86 902.949(5)* 86.9 II 102.7 4.26×106 this work absorption
33 102 − 93 A 231 281.100(12)α 231 II 165.3 6.22×106 this work maser?/thermal
34 102 − 93 A+ 232 418.521(12)α 232 II 165.4 6.36×106 this work maser?/thermal

series

35 42 − 51 A 234 683.370(12)α 234 - 60.9 2.99×106 this work thermal
36 62 − 71 A 132 621.824(12)α 132.6 II 86.5 3.76×106 (6) maser?/thermal
37 101 − 92 A 23 444.778(2)γ 23.4 I 143.3 1.44×106 this work,(17) absorption(c)

series

38 72 − 81 A+ 111 289.550(10)* 111 - 102.7 4.26×106 this work thermal
39 92 − 101 A+ 23 121.0242(5)* 23.1 II 142.2 5.68×106 this work,(18) absorption(a)
40 111 − 102 A+ 20 171.089(2)γ 20.1 - 166.4 6.50×106 this work absorption(c)

series

41 21 − 11 A+ 95 914.309(5)* 95.914 - 21.4 7.04×105 - -(d)
42 21 − 11 A 97 582.804(7)* 97.582 - 21.6 5.14×105 - -(d)
43 31 − 21 A+ 143 865.801(10)* 143.865 - 28.3 9.17×105 - -(d)

Notes. Column 1 gives the serial number of each transition (for reference in the text). Columns 2–4 give the transition, rest frequency and short line name of each methanol transition, respectively. The frequencies of methanol transitions are adopted from Müller et al. (2004), marked by an asterisk, and references for the other methanol transitions are: α the CDMS database (Müller et al. 2005); β Coudert et al. (2015); γ Mehrotra et al. (1985). The frequency uncertainties are given in parentheses in units of the least significant figure. Column 5 shows the classification of methanol maser transitions. Column 6 gives the upper level energy of each transition. We note that the E-type ground state (1−1) level is at 7.9 K. Column 7 gives the critical density of each transition which is calculated by assuming optically thin transitions and a gas kinetic temperature of 100 K. The corresponding code is available from https://github.com/yxlinaqua/molecule_basic. Column 8 lists the reference for W31C: (1) Caswell et al. (1995a); (2) Breen et al. (2010); (3) Breen et al. (2014); (4) Haschick & Baan (1989); (5) Breen et al. (2019); (6) Slysh et al. (1999); (7) Wilson et al. (1985); (8) Menten et al. (1986a); (9) Menten (1991b); (10) Caswell et al. (1995b); (11) Caswell (2009); (12) Green et al. (2010); (13) Forster et al. (1990); (14) Kurtz et al. (2004); (15) Kim et al. (2019); (16) Chen et al. (2012); (17) Menten et al. (1986b); (18) Wilson et al. (1984). Column 9 gives the note for W31C, and the note for the corresponding transitions towards W3(OH) can be found here: (a) maser; (b) all observed J2J1E lines near 25 GHz are shown inverse P-Cygni profile; (c) absorption; (d) thermal emission.

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