Maps of a 10° × 10° region around the Cygnus Loop. Left: count map (pixel size of 0.05°) smoothed with a Gaussian kernel of 0.2° from 0.1 to 100 GeV. Center: count map expected from the X-ray+UV model (same spatial binning as the left map). Green crosses indicate the positions of γ-ray sources listed in the 4FGL catalogue. The cyan line is the contour (10% of the maximum) of the ROSAT X-ray template of the Cygnus Loop (see Sect. 2.2). Right: residual count map from the X-ray+UV template model (pixel size of 0.5°).