Radio and γ-ray emission from the entire Cygnus Loop. Radio data points (transparent green) from Uyanıker et al. (2004) and Loru et al. (2021) were scaled by a constant factor (dark green) to remove the contribution from the southern region (see Sect. 3.3). The total contribution from Bremsstrahlung, IC, and π⁰ decay is shown by the solid black line. Upper panel: DSA scenario, adopting values of p_max c = 40 GeV, p_br c = 62 GeV, W_tot = 2.1 × 10⁴⁹ erg, and K_ep = 0.025 for protons and electrons. Lower panel: RPCR scenario, adopting preexisting CR populations from Phan et al. (2018), s^1∕3 p_maxc = 20 GeV, s^1∕3 p_br c = 70 GeV, and a filling factor f ~ 0.02.