Fig. 2.

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Sunspot showing partition into umbra, penumbra, and quiet sun as well as the magneto-convective stability of their sub-surface structure. Top: bolometric intensity Ic. Bottom: map of the GT stability shows the smaller of the LHSs of Eqs. (2) and (3) in a piece-wise logarithmic and linear colour scale from −1 to +1. The green lines are as in Fig. 1. The magenta contour marks the plasma β = 8πp/|B|2 = 1 surfaces. The red line marks the outer edge of the density ρ < 3 × 10−9 g cm−3 region. The time evolution of this figure is available as animation online.
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