Fig. 2.

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Distribution of temperature and Rosseland mean vertical optical depth for the 3D radiative-hydrodynamical model atmosphere, with darker colours indicating larger densities of grid points. The structures of the 1D model atmospheres used in this work are overplotted. Bottom panel: difference in temperature of the 1D models with respect to the horizontally and temporally averaged ⟨3D⟩ model.
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