Mass-radius diagram at 5 Gyr obtained from following the long-term thermodynamic evolution of the five populations, as marked in each panel. Atmospheric loss by impacts, atmospheric escape driven by XUV photoevaporation, and bloating are included. The iron and ice mass fraction in the core is considered when calculating the radius. The colours show the bulk solid mass fraction M_core ∕M, the rest being the H/He envelope: orange: <0.01, red: 0.01–0.05, green: 0.05–0.2, blue: 0.2–0.4, cyan: 0.4–0.6, magenta: 0.6-0.8, yellow: 0.8-0.95, sienna: 0.95–0.99, brown: 0.99–1. Black: no H/He envelope. Star symbols indicate planets who have additional luminosity from bloating, while circles indicate planets that do not.