Fig. 9

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Comparison of simulated profiles of vanadium lines used in Adibekyan et al. (2012), without and with HFS components,for a K dwarf (Teff = 4800 K) and a G dwarf (Teff = 5700 K) with a solar abundance pattern at CARMENES VIS resolution (). The red andorange solid lines are generated from the VALD3 atomic line list including the latest HFS components, for the K and G dwarf respectively. The dotted blue and green lines are simulated from a line list without HFS components. The lines are much stronger in later-type stars. While most lines show very small deviations, a few lines (notably
λ567.085 nm,
λ573.707 nm, and λ625.183 nm) in the K dwarf exhibit significant systematic differences when HFS is considered.
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