Fig. 2

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Synthetic spectra around the dramatically split V I λ811.7 nm synthesized by iSpec using the latest VALD3-HFS line list for solar vanadium abundance. This feature comprises 21 components, indicated by gray vertical lines whose heights scale with their expected relative strengths at T = 4000 K, with EW used as a proxy for strength, log(EW) = log(gfλ) − θχ, where λ is the transition wavelength in Å, θ = 5040∕T, temperature T is in K, and χ is the lower excitation potential of the transition in eV. The strongest components toward the left side of the feature manifest themselves as marginally resolved “wiggles” in spectra with CARMENES-like resolution.
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