Fig. 2

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Top left: Ca II H and K lines and the Balmer Hϵ of ϕ Leo (black), together with α Aql (red) and the shell star HR 7731 (blue). The conspicuous non-photospheric contribution in the Ca II lines of ϕ Leo is distinguishable although not as prominent as in HR 7731. Top right: same three stars, but in this case the photospheric line Mg II 4481 line is similar in all stars, while the shell Fe II and Ti II lines are striking in HR 7731 but less so in ϕ Leo. Bottom left: 5169 Å line of the Fe II triplet 42. Bottom right: Ca II triplet line at 8542 Å. The spectrum of α Aql is plotted superimposed on the ϕ Leo spectrum in all panels.
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