Fig. 5

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Time evolution of bulk fluid quantities over the course of the parameter study simulations. For each of the simulated deep-atmosphere temperatures (coloured from yellow to deep blue according to decreasing temperature), the average velocity magnitude, total energy, average deep-atmosphere temperature, and average temperature of the upper atmosphere are plotted. The behaviour of the average velocity magnitude is the primary metric for determining whether steady state has been reached. This occurs at 7000 s.
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