Fig. 3

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Pseudo-2D profiles constructed from 1D profiles of the criterion for Ledoux (left) and Schwarzschild (right) convection as a function of both deep-atmosphere temperature and altitude. The profiles are averaged in both the x and y directions. Every deep-atmosphere temperature value represents a different simulation. The dark blue contour indicates unity and hence the threshold for the convective instability. Where the criterion is greater than unity, the system is susceptible to convection. We can see from the position of this contour that the system is unstable to Ledoux convection for all T0, both in the initial conditions and in steady state. This is not the case for Schwarzschild convection, with the initial conditions stable for all T0, both initially and once the system is in equilibrium.
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