Time-series polarization degrees (left column), scene fractions (middle column), and polarization position angles (right column) for dates when significant hourly variation of polarization degree is detected. Left: Polarization degrees: Squares, circles, and triangles represent data in the J, H, and K_s bands, respectively. Open plots represent data points with |Θ − N| > 15°. The dashed line is the model curve for Earthshine polarization calculated based on the ocean, land, and cloud fractions. The applied lunar polarization efficiency (depolarizing factor, ϵ) is shown in the inset. Middle: Scene fractions: Ocean, land, and cloud fractions are exhibited as solid, dashed, and dotted lines, respectively (left y-axes). Fractions were calculated with concentrated weighting (see Appendix B.5). The crosses correspond to lunar elevation (right y-axes). Right: Polarization position angles: Solid lines in the right panels show the position angle normal to the scattering plane.