Refined physical parameters for Chariklo’s body and rings from stellar occultations observed between 2013 and 2020

Open Access

Table A.1

Observational stations, technical details, and circumstance.

Site	Longitude	Observers	Telescope aperture	Exposure Time	Light curve RMS
Status Main Body	Latitude		Detector	Cycle	(flux)
Status Ring	Altitude		Filter	(s)

2020-06-19 – Australia

Glenlee	150^o 30’ 01.6" E	S. Kerr	30 cm	0.640	0.138
Positive Detection	23^o 16’ 10.1" S		Watec 910BD	0.640
Unresolved Detection	50 m		Clear


2019-09-04 – Hawaii

Gemini North – Mauna Kea	155^o 28’ 08.0" W	F. Braga-Ribas	810 cm	0.040	0.019
Instrumental Issue	19^o 49’ 25.0" N		Andor/IXon-EM	0.040
	4184 m		Blue-g / Red-i

Mauna Loa	155^o 34’ 34.9" W	P. Maley	36 cm	0.017	0.127
Instrumental Issue	19^o 32’ 10.6" N	C. Erickson	Watec 910HX	0.017
Resolved Detection^a	3395 m		Clear


2019-08-08 – La Réunion / Namibia

Ste. Marie / La Réunion	55^o 34’ 00.2" E	B. Mondon	28 cm	0.500	0.269
Positive Detection	20^o 53’ 48.5" S		QHY174M	0.500
No Detection^b	50 m		Clear

Ste. Marie / La Réunion	55^o 31’ 08.6" E	G. Hesler	40 cm	0.500	0.405
Positive Detection	20^o 54’ 38.9" S		QHY174M	0.500
No Detection	85 m		Clear

Maido / La Réunion	55^o 23’ 14.5" E	T. Payet	30 cm	0.500	0.286
Positive Detection	21^o 04’ 15.5" S		ASI178MM	0.500
No Detection	2195 m		Clear

Les Makes / La Réunion	55^o 24’ 36.3" E	P. Thierry	60 cm	0.531	0.263
Positive Detection	21^o 11’ 56.1" S		ASI178MM	0.531
No Detection	990 m		Clear

Langevin / La Réunion	55^o 38’ 47.7" E	F. Colas	28 cm	0.333	0.290
Positive Detection	21^o 23’ 12.0" S		ASI178MM	0.333
No Detection	20 m		Clear

Vastrap Guestfarm / Namibia	27^o 44’ 05.2" E	M. Kretlow	40 cm	—	—
Instrumental Issue	18^o 25’ 49.5" S		Merlin/Raptor	—
	1090 m		Clear


2019-08-02 – Australia

Yass	148^o 58’ 35.1" E	W. Hanna	51 cm	3.000	0.207
Positive Detection	34^o 51’ 50.9" S		QHY174GPS	3.001
No Detection	536 m		Clear

Murrumbateman	148^o 59’ 54.8" E	D. Herald	40 cm	1.280	0.204
Positive Detection	34^o 57’ 31.5" S		Watec 910BD	1.280
No Detection	594 m		Clear

Flynn	149^o 02’ 57.5" E	J. Newman	40 cm	1.280	0.532
No Detection	35^o 11’ 55.3" S		Watec 910BD	1.280
No Detection	657 m		Clear


2017-08-24 – Brazil

OPD – Brazópolis	45^o 34’ 57.5" W	J. I. B. Camargo	160 cm	0.500	0.063
Positive Detection	22^o 32’ 07.8" S	F. Quispe-Huaynasi	Andor/IXon-EM	0.513
Unresolved Detection	1864 m		Clear


2017-07-23 – South America

San Pedro de Atacama / Chile	68^o 10’ 44.0" W	N. Morales	41 cm	2.000	0.058
Negative Detection	22^o 57’ 14.0" S		SBIG STL11K3	4.370
No Detection	2397 m		Clear

San Pedro de Atacama / Chile	68^o 10’ 48.0" W	J. Fabrega	40 cm	1.000	0.099
Negative Detection	22^o 57’ 09.0" S		FLI PL16803	2.700
Unresolved Detection	2396 m		Clear

San Pedro de Atacama / Chile	68^o 10’ 48.0" W	J. F. Soulier	40 cm	3.000	0.023
Negative Detection	22^o 57’ 09.0" S		QHY9 CCD	7.000
No Detection	2396 m		Clear

San Pedro de Atacama / Chile	68^o 10’ 48.0" W	A. Maury	50 cm	3.000	0.045
Negative Detection	22^o 57’ 09.0" S		FLI13803	5.650
No Detection	2396 m		Clear

Cerro Burek / Argentina	69^o 18’ 25.0" W	N. Morales	45 cm	2.000	0.066
Negative Detection	31^o 47’ 12.0" S		SBIG STL11000	4.250
No Detection	2665 m		Clear

Ckoirama / Chile	69^o 55’ 49.0" W	J. P. Colque	60 cm	1.000	0.188
Negative Detection	24^o 05’ 21.0" S		FLI PL16801	2.569
No Detection	0964 m		Clear

VLT – Cerro Paranal / Chile	70^o 24’ 16.5" W	B. Sicardy	820 cm	0.100	0.027
Negative Detection	24^o 37’ 39.3" S		HAWK-I	0.100
Resolved Detection	2635 m		K_s-band

SSO^c – Cerro Paranal / Chile	70^o 24’ 16.5" W	E. Jehin	100 cm	1.200 / 1.200	0.020 / 0.013
Negative Detection	24^o 37’ 39.3" S		Andor/IKONL	2.000 / 2.040
Unresolved Detection	2635 m		g’ / I + z

Tolar Grande / Argentina	67^o 23’ 43.6" W	M. Kretlow	41 cm	0.130	0.092
Negative Detection	24^o 35’ 23.5" S	R. A. Artola	Merlin/Raptor	0.130
Resolved Detection	3524 m		Clear

Cono de Arita / Argentina	67^o 46’ 00.2" W	M. D. Starck-Cuffini	25 cm	0.500	0.161
Positive Detection	25^o 01’ 59.8" S	M. V. Sieyra	ASI178MM	0.500
No Detection	3532 m		Clear

El Rodeo / Argentina	66^o 08’ 35.4" W	E. Meza	36 cm	0.150	0.358
Positive Detection	24^o 52’ 37.0" S	R. Melia	Merlin/Kite	0.170
Unresolved Detection	3022 m		Clear

Cachi Adentro / Argentina	66^o 14’ 16.7" W	E. M. Schneiter	36 cm	0.100	0.452
Positive Detection	25^o 05’ 33.9" S	C. Colazo	Merlin/Raptor	0.100
No Detection	2684 m	M. Buie	Clear

Augusto de Lima / Brazil	44^o 04’ 08.4" W	B. L. Giacchini	30 cm	1.000	0.174
Positive Detection	18^o 01’ 20.7" S	G. Benedetti-Rossi	Merlin/Raptor	1.000
No Detection	0620 m		Clear

El Salvador / Chile	69^o 45’ 03.8" W	J-L. Dauvergne	28 cm	0.050	0.318
Positive Detection	26^o 18’ 48.3" S		Merlin/Raptor	0.050
Unresolved Detection	1607 m		Clear

São José do Rio Preto / Brazil	49^o 17’ 52.2" W	R. Sfair	35 cm	1.000	0.213
Positive Detection	20^o 42’ 43.4" S	A. Amarante	Merlin/Raptor	1.000
No Detection	0482 m	R. Poltronieri	Clear

Inca de Oro / Chile	69^o 54’ 45.6" W	S. Bouley	25 cm	0.100	0.267
Positive Detection	26^o 44’ 45.3" S		Merlin/Raptor	0.100
Unresolved Detection	1592 m		Clear

Bilac / Brazil	50^o 30’ 20.9" W	L. S. Amaral	25 cm	6.000	0.150
Positive Detection	21^o 23’ 38.6" S		Canon T1i	11.000
No Detection	0426 m		Clear

Danish – La Silla / Chile	70^o 44’ 20.2" W	C. Snodgrass	154 cm	0.033 / 0.033	0.082 / 0.063
Negative Detection	29^o 15’ 21.3" S	T. C. Hinse	Lucky Imager	0.034 / 0.034
Resolved Detection	2337 m	U. G. Jorgensen	Visual & Red^d
		M. Dominik
		J. Skottfelt

1m – La Silla / Chile	70^o 44’ 20.2" W	A. Zapata	100 cm	0.100	0.074
Negative Detection	29^o 15’ 21.3" S	P. Torres	Merlin/Raptor	0.100
Resolved Detection	2337 m		Clear

TRAPPIST-South – La Silla / Chile	70^o 44’ 20.2" W	E. Jehin	60 cm	2.000	0.040
Negative Detection	29^o 15’ 21.3" S		FLI PL3041-BB	2.795
Unresolved Detection	2337 m		Clear

Foz do Iguaçu / Brazil	54^o 35’ 37.0" W	D. I. Machado	28 cm	4.000	0.038
Negative Detection	25^o 26’ 05.0" S	L. L. Trabuco	Merlin/Raptor	4.000
No Detection	0184 m		Clear

OPD – Brazõpolis / Brazil	45^o 34’ 57.5" W	F. Braga-Ribas	160 cm	0.117	0.029
Negative Detection	22^o 32’ 07.8" S	F. L. Rommel	Andor/IXon-EM	0.130
Resolved Detection	1864 m		Clear

SARA – Cerro Tololo / Chile	70^o 48’ 23.0" W	R. Leiva	60 cm	1.000	0.094
Negative Detection	30^o 10’ 11.0" S	S. Levine	FLI	1.679
Resolved Detection	2207 m	C. Zuluaga	Clear

PROMPT^e – Cerro Tololo / Chile	70^o 48’ 23.0" W	J. Pollock	40 cm	1.000	0.037
Negative Detection	30^o 10’ 11.0" S	V. Kouprianov	AltaU-47	0.615
Resolved Detection	2207 m	D. Reichart	Clear
		T. Linder

Oliveira / Brazil	43^o 59’ 03.1" W	C. Jacques	45 cm	—	—
Weather Overcast	19^o 52’ 55.0" S		ML FLI16803	—
	982 m		Clear

Guaratinguetá / Brazil	45^o 11’ 25.0" W	T. Santana	40 cm	—	—
Weather Overcast	22^o 48’ 34.0" S	T. Moura	Merlin/Raptor	—
	0567 m	O. C. Winter	Clear
		T. Akemi

BrasÃ-lia / Brazil	47^o 54’ 39.9" W	P. Cacella	50 cm	—	—
Weather Overcast	15^o 53’ 29.9" S		ASI174MM	—
	1064 m		Clear

Ponta Grossa / Brazil	50^o 05’ 56.6" W	C. L. Pereira	40 cm	—	—
Weather Overcast	25^o 05’ 22.5" S	M. Emilio	Merlin/Raptor	—
	910 m		Clear

SOAR - Cerro Pachõn / Chile	70^o 44’ 21.1" W	J. I. B. Camargo	410 cm	—	—
Weather Overcast	30^o 14’ 16.9" S		Merlin/Raptor	—
	2694 m		Clear


2017-06-22 – Namibia

Outeniqua Lodge	16^o 49’ 17.7" E	F. Colas	25 cm	0.100	0.325
Positive Detection	21^o 17’ 58.2" S	J. Desmars	Merlin/Raptor	0.100
Unresolved Detection	1416 m		Clear

Onduruquea Guest Farm	15^o 59’ 33.7" E	M. Kretlow	50 cm	0.075	0.116
Positive Detection	21^o 36’ 26.0" S		Merlin/Raptor	0.080
Resolved Detection	1220 m		Clear

Windhoek	17^o 06’ 31.9" E	M. Backes	35 cm	0.150	0.148
Positive Detection	22^o 41’ 55.2" S		Merlin/Raptor	0.150
Unresolved Detection	1902 m		Clear

Windhoek	17^o 06’ 31.9" E	E. Meza	40 cm	0.200	0.151
Positive Detection	22^o 41’ 55.2" S		ASI178MM	0.203
Unresolved Detection	1902 m		Clear

Tivoli Lodge	18^o 01’ 01.2" E	L. Maquet	40 cm	0.075	0.175
Positive Detection	23^o 27’ 40.2" S		Merlin/Raptor	0.075
Unresolved Detection	1344 m		Clear

Hakos	16^o 21’ 41.3" E	W. Beisker	50 cm	0.050	0.122
Negative Detection	23^o 14’ 11.0" S		Merlin/Raptor	0.050
Resolved Detection	1843 m		Clear


2017-04-09 – Namibia

Wabi Lodge	17^o 32’ 00.6" E	J. L. Dauvergne	30 cm	0.100	0.212
Positive Detection	20^o 20’ 38.9" S		Merlin/Raptor	0.100
Resolved Detection	1382 m		Clear

Weaver Rocks Lodge	16^o 50’ 29.9" E	M. Kretlow	50 cm	0.080	0.147
Positive Detection	20^o 41’ 56.3" S		Merlin/Raptor	0.080
Resolved Detection	1647 m		Clear

Hakos	16^o 21’ 42.0" E	K. L. Bath	50 cm	0.100	0.089
Negative Detection	23^o 14’ 10.0" S		Merlin/Raptor	0.100
Resolved Detection^f	1881 m		Clear

^aDue to instrumental issues the original dataset was lost; however, a video recorded by the observer’s smartphone was used to derive the immersion and emersion times of the second detection of the ring.

^bNo detection means that the dataset’s features do not allow the detection of Chariklo’s rings.

^cThe SSO observations were done at the telescopes Io and Europa.

^dThe Danish dual experiment observed in the visual (0.45-0.65 μm) and red (0.7-1.0 μm) bands.

^eThe PROMPT observation were the combined data observed by P1, P3, and P5, allowing for a short cycle.

^fOnly the second detection of the C1R was observed, due to the weather conditions.

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