S/N maps obtained by exchanging the T–p profiles of TiO and Fe to compute the model spectra for cross-correlation. All detection strengths are lower than those found in Sects. 5.1 and 5.2. Panel a corresponds to the TiO signal observed with CARMENES (S/N = 4.6); panel b: Fe detection with CARMENES (S/N = 3.8); panel c: Fe detection with HARPS-N (S/N = 4.1). The horizontal panels show the cross-sections of the S/N peaks. Each S/N map corresponds to the SYSREM iteration number that maximizes the detection strength in Sects. 5.1 and 5.2.