Distribution of orbital periods for super-Earths (left column) and giant planets (right column). Each row corresponds to a population of young (Region 1, for which P_rot <4.7 days), middle-aged (Region 2, for which 4.7 ≤ P_rot [days] < 20), and old (Region 3, P_rot ≥ 20 days) star–planet systems. The gray histogram corresponds to the distributions obtained with the unbiased MMA13 sample. The ESPEM distributions with B_p = 0, 1, 10 G are shown in red, light blue and dark blue respectively. The gray, red, and purple horizontal bands at the top of each panel correspond to the range of values in each region of the co-rotation, the dynamical tide excitation limit, and the lower edge of the MMA13 distribution, respectively. The calculation of the error bars for the synthetic distributions is presented inAppendix A.