Ambient solar wind from EUHFORIA: Radial dependence of the mean solar wind parameters extracted at virtual spacecraft located along the Sun–Earth line (red dots): (e) proton thermal pressure ⟨P_p, th⟩_sw; (f) magnetic pressure ⟨P_mag⟩_sw; (g) total pressure ⟨P_tot⟩_sw; (h) proton β ⟨β_p⟩_sw. The red shaded areas show the maximum variation of EUHFORIA predictions as a function of the heliocentric distance. The results from the fitting of the mean values are indicated as dashed red lines. Mean observed values from Wind in the 24 h prior to the CME arrival are shown as blue diamonds. Histograms showing the frequency of occurrence of each parameter are provided for D = 0.2 au and D = 1.0 au radial distances. The mean and median are indicated by the red and black vertical dashed lines, respectively.