Identification of the start and end of the CME perturbation to the background solar wind based on the 5% threshold (marked by the coloured horizontal rectangles in each panel) in EUHFORIA time series at various heliocentric distances. The CME wake for each variable is marked by the coloured vertical lines. The period of the sheath and CME passage (same as in Fig. A.2) are marked as yellow and blue shaded areas, respectively.