Table 1
Selected parameters of the main experiments.
| Experiment | n | Thickness [μm] |
Penetration depth | Stopping power | Density | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [μm] | [eV/A] | [eV/16u] | [g cm−3] | ||||
| VUV | IR | 10−15 | |||||
| CO2 at 20 K | 1.35 | 0.24 ± 0.02 (a) | 0.53 ± 0.11 (b) | 0.04 | 2.85 | 7.79 | 0.98(c) |
| CO2 at 75 K | 1.35 | 0.24 ± 0.02 (a) | 0.25 ± 0.05 (b) | ||||
| H2O at 20 K | 1.34 | 0.12 ± 0.01 (a) | 0.76 ± 0.15 (b) | 0.06 | 1.66 | 4.45 | 1.07(d,e) |
| H2O at 80 K(f) | 1.06 ± 0.22 (b) | 0.94(e,g) | |||||
| CO2:H2O (6:1) at 20 K | 1.36 | 0.96 ± 0.09 (a) | 1.87 ± 0.38 (b) | 0.04 | 2.7 | 7.37 | 1.0(h) |
| CO2:H2O (6:1) at 80 K | 1.36 | 0.96 ± 0.09 (a) | 1.57 ± 0.32 (b) | 1.0(h) | |||
| [nm] | 10−16 | ||||||
| a-H2CO3 irr at 20 K(i,j) | 0.79 ± 0.16 (b) | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.59 | 1.0(k) | ||
| c-H2CO3 irr at 20 K(i,j) | 4.81 ± 0.98 (b) | 0.13 | 3.57 | ||||
| a-H2CO3 irr at 80 K(i,j) | 1.09 ± 0.22 (b) | 0.03 | 0.81 | ||||
| c-H2CO3 irr at 80 K(i,j) | 2.41 ± 0.49 (b) | 0.07 | 1.79 | ||||
Notes. (a) The uncertainty in the ice thickness values is calculated by assuming a 10% error in the estimation of n; (b) the uncertainty in the ice thickness values is calculated by assuming a 10% error in the band strength and density of the ice; (c) Luna et al. (2012); (d) Narten et al. (1976); (e) Jenniskens & Blake (1994); (f) laser measurement not recorded; (g)Sceats & Rice (1982);(h)average value for a CO2 :H2O (6:1) mixture; (i)a- and c-H2CO3 stand for amorphous and crystalline H2CO3 ice, synthesized at either 20 or 80 K and then annealed to 200 and 220 K, respectively; (j) solid H2CO3 is thinner than the penetration depth of 1 keV electrons; (k) assumed value (Peeters et al. 2010).
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