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Fig. 9

image

Binding energy compared to the total mass of the system for known substellar companions, including planets and brown dwarfs. The binding energy of 2MASS J0249−0557 c is marked with a red star. Other substellar companions with separations >1000 AU are marked as red squares (masses and separations from Chinchilla et al. 2020 and references therein). Objects with orbital separations <100 AU are marked as grey dots, and objects with separations between 100 and 1000 AU are marked as small blue squares (masses andseparations from The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia3; Schneider et al. 2011). The binding energies of the Solar System planets are also included, marked as green triangles.

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