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Fig. 5.

image

Derived temperatures and luminosities of the stars spectroscopically classified as supergiants and assigned to the Cygnus region, assuming a common distance module DM = 10.9, plotted together with the evolutionary tracks of Ekström et al. (2012) for stars with various initial masses. The solid lines describe the evolution of nonrotating stars, and the dot-dashed lines correspond to stars with an initial rotation of 40% of the critical value. Adopting a distance of 1.7 kpc, seemingly favored by Gaia, would shift the location of the stars upward by 0.1 dex in luminosity.

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