Fig. 35.
Samples from Planck TT,TE,EE+lowE chains in the Neff–H0 plane, colour-coded by σ8. The grey bands show the local Hubble parameter measurement H0 = (73.45 ± 1.66) km s−1 Mpc−1 from Riess et al. (2018a). Solid black contours show the constraints from Planck TT,TE,EE+lowE+lensing+BAO, while dashed lines the joint constraint also including Riess et al. (2018a). Models with Neff < 3.046 (left of the solid vertical line) require photon heating after neutrino decoupling or incomplete thermalization.
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