Temperature stratification of the solar models. Left panel: quiet-Sun temperature distribution as given by the VALC (black line), FALC (red line), and Avrett2015QS (blue line) models. Right panel: sunspot temperature stratification from eMaltby (green line), mMaltby (red line), lMaltby (black line), and Avrett2015spot (blue line) atmospheres. In both panels, the solid lines represent the original models and dashed lines correspond to the temperature profiles we employed to compute the numerical simulations.