Posterior probability distributions of the model parameters for a simulated observation of the no-cloud atmospheric configuration at S∕N = 10. The planetary radius is assumed to be known and R_p∕R_N = 0.6. Green lines mark the true values of the model parameters (see Table 2) for this observation. Two-dimensional subplots show the correlations between pairs of parameters. Contour lines correspond to the 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2σ levels. The median of each parameter’s distribution is shown on top of their 1D probability histogram. Upper and lower uncertainties correspond to the 84 and 16% quantiles. The figures corresponding to the other scenarios discussed in Sects. 4.1 and 4.2 are shown in Appendix B.