Averaged tilt angle (top) and standard deviation of the tilt angle (bottom) of the polarities as a function of time for all EARs (black), EARs with a higher (lower) maximum flux than the median in large grey circles (small grey circles). The EARs are divided into higher than or equal to, and lower than, the median maximum flux value, 4.6 × 10²¹ Mx. The standard deviation of the sample standard deviation at each time interval is described in Schunker et al. (2019, Appendix E). The shaded regions indicate two different phases of emergence, an increasing separation speed between the polarities followed by a decreasing separation speed (Schunker et al. 2019).