Table 2.
Birthrates of stellar triples per solar mass of stars (middle column) and in the Milky Way (right column).
| Total rate (per 104 M⊙) |
Galactic rate (10−3 yr−1) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OBin | T14 | E09 | OBin | T14 | E09 | ||
| Total birthrate | 1740 | 1725 | 1489 | 522 | 517 | 45 | |
| – with low-mass (m1 ≤ 1 M⊙) | 1563 | 1544 | 1294 | 469 | 463 | 388 | |
| – with intermediate-mass (1 < m1 ≤ 7.5 M⊙) | 167 | 168 | 168 | 50 | 51 | 51 | |
| – with intermediate-mass (1 < m1 ≤ 7.5 M⊙, m2, m3 < 7.5 M⊙) | 165 | 166 | 154 | 50 | 50 | 46 | |
| – with high-mass (m1 > 7.5 M⊙) | 13 | 13 | 27 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 8.2 | |
| Birthrate per evolutionary channel | |||||||
| Mass transfer initiated by: | Primary star | 105 | 125 | 106 | 30 | 35 | 30 |
| Secondary star | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Tertiary star | 0.9 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.4 | |
| Dynamical instability | 6.9 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 2.0 | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| No interaction | 40 | 34 | 42 | 17 | 13 | 15 | |
Notes. The bottom panel shows the occurrence rates of the most common evolutionary pathways of intermediate mass triples (that is initially 1 < m1 ≤ 7.5 M⊙ and m2, m3 < 7.5 M⊙) based on a population synthesis simulation including a realistic mix of single, binary and triple stars (see Sect. 2).
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