Table 2.
Flare prediction capabilities obtained from our baseline model LR for five different data sets.
Results from our baseline model: Logistic regression | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
loop24span12 | loop24span24 | loop24span0 | loop12span12 | loop48span12 | ||
Considering | Accuracy | 0.95 ± 0.023 | 0.94 ± 0.007 | 0.94 ± 0.008 | 0.96 ± 0.006 | 0.92 ± 0.010 |
all | Precision (Positive) | 0.84 ± 0.023 | 0.84 ± 0.019 | 0.79 ± 0.026 | 0.87 ± 0.021 | 0.77 ± 0.025 |
magnetic | Precision (Negative) | 0.98 ± 0.005 | 0.98 ± 0.005 | 0.98 ± 0.005 | 0.97 ± 0.003 | 0.97 ± 0.006 |
parameters | Recall (Positive) | 0.93 ± 0.018 | 0.92 ± 0.016 | 0.93 ± 0.019 | 0.96 ± 0.014 | 0.89 ± 0.021 |
Recall (Negative) | 0.95 ± 0.008 | 0.96 ± 0.006 | 0.94 ± 0.010 | 0.97 ± 0.004 | 0.92 ± 0.011 | |
F1-score (Positive) | 0.88 ± 0.014 | 0.88 ± 0.013 | 0.85 ± 0.017 | 0.91 ± 0.014 | 0.83 ± 0.018 | |
F1-score (Negative) | 0.97 ± 0.004 | 0.97 ± 0.004 | 0.96 ± 0.005 | 0.97 ± 0.004 | 0.94 ± 0.007 | |
HSS1 | 0.75 ± 0.031 | 0.74 ± 0.033 | 0.69 ± 0.041 | 0.81 ± 0.025 | 0.64 ± 0.039 | |
HSS2 | 0.85 ± 0.018 | 0.85 ± 0.019 | 0.82 ± 0.022 | 0.89 ± 0.015 | 0.77 ± 0.023 | |
GS | 0.74 ± 0.026 | 0.73 ± 0.028 | 0.68 ± 0.030 | 0.80 ± 0.024 | 0.63 ± 0.030 | |
TSS | 0.87 ± 0.016 | 0.87 ± 0.016 | 0.86 ± 0.018 | 0.92 ± 0.014 | 0.81 ± 0.023 | |
Considering | Accuracy | 0.94 ± 0.006 | 0.93 ± 0.007 | 0.94 ± 0.006 | 0.96 ± 0.005 | 0.91 ± 0.009 |
only the top | Precision (Positive) | 0.83 ± 0.023 | 0.81 ± 0.022 | 0.83 ± 0.022 | 0.85 ± 0.020 | 0.78 ± 0.025 |
five magnetic | Precision (Negative) | 0.97 ± 0.006 | 0.97 ± 0.006 | 0.96 ± 0.005 | 0.98 ± 0.005 | 0.95 ± 0.008 |
parameters | Recall (Positive) | 0.88 ± 0.023 | 0.87 ± 0.024 | 0.86 ± 0.023 | 0.91 ± 0.021 | 0.84 ± 0.027 |
Recall (Negative) | 0.95 ± 0.008 | 0.95 ± 0.007 | 0.96 ± 0.004 | 0.96 ± 0.006 | 0.93 ± 0.011 | |
F1-score (Positive) | 0.85 ± 0.015 | 0.84 ± 0.017 | 0.84 ± 0.014 | 0.88 ± 0.014 | 0.81 ± 0.018 | |
F1-score (Negative) | 0.96 ± 0.004 | 0.96 ± 0.005 | 0.96 ± 0.004 | 0.97 ± 0.003 | 0.94 ± 0.006 | |
HSS1 | 0.69 ± 0.035 | 0.68 ± 0.036 | 0.68 ± 0.034 | 0.75 ± 0.029 | 0.61 ± 0.041 | |
HSS2 | 0.81 ± 0.021 | 0.81 ± 0.022 | 0.80 ± 0.019 | 0.85 ± 0.017 | 0.75 ± 0.024 | |
GS | 0.68 ± 0.029 | 0.67 ± 0.031 | 0.67 ± 0.028 | 0.74 ± 0.025 | 0.60 ± 0.031 | |
TSS | 0.83 ± 0.025 | 0.82 ± 0.023 | 0.82 ± 0.021 | 0.87 ± 0.017 | 0.76 ± 0.027 |
Notes. The first three data sets, loop24span12, loop24span24, and loop24span0, correspond to the data sets with the same forecasting window of 24 h, but a different span time of 12 h, 48 h, and zero hours, respectively. The last two data sets, loop12span12 and loop48span12, correspond to the data sets with the same span time of 12 h, but have a different forecasting window of 12 h and 48 h, respectively.
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