The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs - Dynamical characterization of the multiple planet system GJ 1148 and prospects of habitable exomoons around GJ 1148 b

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Table 3

Statistical properties of the CARMENES near-IR data tested against a flat model (Null), flat model with jitter, static one-planet model assuming only GJ 1148 b, and the two-planet best-fit model adopted from the optical RV analysis.

Stat.	Null	Jitt. only	GJ 1148 b	GJ 1148 b & c
χ²	950.28	68.08	72.43	65.74
rms [m s⁻¹]	25.36	25.30	9.34	8.06
	671.15	315.94	239.86	228.88
	…	355.21	431.29	442.27
p-value ^(a)	…	1.7⁻³⁹	1.3⁻³⁸	5.3⁻⁴⁰
RV offset γ [m s⁻¹]	−4.98	−3.36	−3.33	−7.63
RV jitter σ [m s⁻¹]	…	23.84	3.27	0.01

Notes. The only free parameter in the null model is the near-IR RV offset, while in the rest RV offset and the jitter are free. ^(a) Calculated via F-test against the Null model.

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