Fig. 8.

Thermal pressure gradient (a, two upper rows), and CR pressure gradients (b, two bottom rows) relative to the gravitational vertical pull, in 20 kpc slices of the G9 galaxy viewed edge-on, for the different runs, as indicated on the panels. A positive (red) ratio corresponds to a pressure gradient that pushes outwards. A linear threshold of 1 is used for the symmetric logarithmic colourbar. In the absence of CR injection or transport (noCR and Advection), the pressure above and below the mid-plane is dominated by thermal pressure gradient that is maximal in shocked regions. When including CR transport, the gradient of the CR pressure is much higher than that of the thermal pressure, and the gradient of the thermal pressure is lower and less shocks form. The ratio of the thermal pressure gradient to gravity exceeds unity only within shocks whereas the CR pressure gradient in the wind becomes uniformly greater (2 to 10 times) than the gravitational pull for κ ≥ 3 × 1028 cm2 s−1.
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