Table 1
Comparison of Rosetta observations at comet 67P during the 2015 Rosetta excursion with flyby conditions and plasma boundaries detected at three comets: 19P/Borrelly by Deep Space 1, comet 1P/Halley and 26P/Grigg-Skjellerup (26P/GS) by Giotto.
| 19P/Borrelly | 1P/Halley | 26P/GS | 67P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Date of observation (DD/MM/YYYY) | 22/09/2001 | 14/03/1986 | 10/07/1992 | 22/09–11/10/2015 |
| Production rate (s−1) | 3.5 × 1028 | 3.8 × 1029 | 7 × 1027 | ~1028 |
| Heliocentric distance (au) | 1.36 | 0.903 | 1.01 | 1.4 |
| Solar wind speed (km s−1) | 360 | 350–400 | 360 | Variable |
| Closest approach (km) | 2171 | 605 | 200 | 300–1500 |
| Spacecraft velocity (km s−1) | 16.5 | 68.4 | 13.99 | <0.002 |
| Bow shock (km) | 1.52 × 105 (a) | 5.98 × 105 (b) | 1.67 × 104 (c) | Detected as it formed (f) |
| Cometopause (km) | 1.51 × 104 (a) | 1.4 × 105 (d) | 1.8 × 103 (e) | ✗ |
| Cometary ion collisionopause (km) | 3.5 × 105 | 2.7 × 104 (g) | ✗ | 500–700 (h) |
| Ion pile-up boundary (km) | ✗ | 104 (g) | ✗ | ✗ |
| Diamagnetic cavity (km) | ✗ | 4.6 × 103 (b,i) | ✗ | ~170 (j) |
References. (a) Young et al. (2004). (b) Coates (2009). (c) Coates et al. (1996). (d) Rème et al. (1988). (e) Johnstone et al. (1993). (f) Gunell et al. (2018). (g) Schwenn et al. (1988). (h) Mandt et al. (2016). (i) Neubauer (1988). (j) Not observed during excursion, but observations reported by Goetz et al. (2016, 2017).
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