Fig. 5

image

Comparison of the neutral and plasma observations as a function of the distance from the nucleus as observed by Rosetta and the three comet flybys (see Table 1 for references for each dataset). Top panel: neutral number density determined based on the outgassing rate and Eq. (3). Second panel: total ion number density for the flybys and electron density for Rosetta. Third panel: ion bulk velocity. Bottom panel: ion ratio between mass 19 (H3O+) and mass 18 (mostly H2O+ with some contribution from NH). The horizontal dashed lines represent the estimated bulk velocities for RPC-IES observations of collisionopause crossings after correcting for spacecraft charging effects. The shaded regions indicate where Rosetta, DS1, and Giotto at Halley crossed into a similar range of velocities. The ion velocities at 26P/GS were above this range during the entire flyby.

Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.

Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.

Initial download of the metrics may take a while.