Fig. 4

Particle growth for the fiducial full temperature-dependent nucleation model, where we include the influence of both depositional growth and heterogeneous nucleation on silicate dust. Upper panel: particle sizes as a function of semi-major axis at t = 10, 100, and 1000 yr. Ice-covered particles are shown as blue filled circles, with sizes proportional to the actual particle sizes, and the bare millimetre-sized silicate particles are shown in black. Lower panel: saturation ratio at corresponding times, where the black line is a smoothed average of the saturation ratio in each grid cell, shown in red. Growth takes place in a narrow region outside the ice line at rice ≈ 2.6 au, with particles reaching centimetre sizes in 1000 yr. Particle growth at larger r is the result of vapour deposition at the start of the simulation.
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