Fig. 5.
Evolution of relative magnetic helicity and its two gauge-independent components in AR 12673 for ten hours around the two X-class flares of 6 September 2017, in physical units (top panel) and normalized to magnetic flux squared (bottom panel). The purple bands denote the time intervals of the X2.2 and the X9.3 flares, with onset times at 08:57 UT and 11:53 UT, respectively. Filled points correspond to the W12 method and open points to the W04 method.
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