Open Access
Table 1
Overview of all attempts to detect water vapor around Ceres.
| N | Date | Instrument | Water production rate | Heliocentric | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1026 molecules s−1) | distance (au) | ||||
| 1 | 14 Jan 1990 | IUE+LWP | <0.53 | 2.64 | A’Hearn & Feldman (1992) |
| 2 | 29 May 1991 | IUE+LWP | 1.4 | 2.66 | A’Hearn & Feldman (1992) |
| 3 | 24 Oct 2007 | VLT+UVES | <0.7 | 2.83 | Rousselot et al. (2011) |
| 4 | 23 Nov 2011 | HSO+HIFI | <1.0(a) | 2.94 | Küppers et al. (2014) |
| 5 | 11 Oct 2012 | HSO+HIFI | 3–4(a) | 2.72 | Küppers et al. (2014) |
| 6 | 24 Oct 2012 | HSO+HIFI | 2.0(a) | 2.71 | Küppers et al. (2014) |
| 7 | 6 Mar 2013 | HSO+HIFI | 2.0 | 2.62 | Küppers et al. (2014) |
| 8 | 19 Jun 2015 | Dawn+GRaND | 3.0 | 2.93 | Jia et al. (2017) |
| 9 | 26 Aug 2015 | HST+COS | <4 | 2.95 | Roth et al. (2016) |
| 10 | 3–7 Sep 2015 | HST+STIS | <2.2 | 2.96 | Roth (2018) |
| 11 | 26 Oct 2016 | HST+COS | <1.8 | 2.88 | Roth (2018) |
| 12 | 16 Feb 2018 | VLT+UVES | <2 | 2.57 | This work |
Notes. (a) See Villarreal et al. (2017) for these values, based on private communication from Küppers et al. (2014).
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