Table 3
The ISM oxygen budget redistribution in dense clouds, out of a total abundance of (490:575) (Asplund et al. 2009; Przybilla et al. 2008), where these values are used to determine the requisite (lower : upper) O and (upper : lower) C depletions into a-C:H and carbonate dust phases.
| O | C | N | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phase | (ppm) | (ppm) | (ppm) |
| a-Sil(s) | 110 | – | – |
| CO(g) | 50 | 50 | – |
| H2O(s)-ice | 160 | – | – |
| a-C, a-C(:H)[:O:N](s) | (30:27) | (293:264) | 30 |
| Organic carbonate(s) | ≥(140:228) | ≳(47:76) | – |
| (O:C = 3:1) | |||
| Total | ≥(490:575) | ≳390 | 30 |
Notes. Column 3 shows the equivalent carbon abundances out of a budget of 390 ppm (Jenkins 2009; Parvathi et al. 2012). Column 4 indicates a possible nitrogen depletion into dust. The gas phase CO and ice phase O depletions are taken from Whittet (2010). a-C(:H)[:O:N] represents an a-C:H solid phase with ≃ 10 at.% O and N heteroatoms present in carbonyl (C =O), aldehyde (−C
), ketone (>C =O), amide (−C
), imine (>C =N) and nitrile (−C ≡N) functional groups, as per the GEMS-containing IDPs analysed by Ishii et al. (2018).
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