Cloud structure in terms of material composition (V_s∕V_tot, s − 15 solid species, left axis, colour-coded) and the mean cloud particle size (⟨a⟩ [μm], right axis, black dashed) on the nightside of WASP-18b. No clouds form on the dayside of WASP-18b (top: 45° north, bottom: equator). Some materials reach 100% at the top (SiO[s] (brown dashed), TiO₂ [s] (blue solid)) or at the bottom (Fe[s] at ϕ = 135°, −185°) of the cloud. Carbon (grey solid) appears with a volume fraction of ≈5 − 10% at some locations.