Reference differential rotation (a) and meridional flow in r sin θPSI, where PSI is the stream function (b) contour plots. We note that the meridional flow contours are normalised according to the velocity unit ((p_bc/𝜚_bc)^1/2). We also show the radial profiles of the reference differential rotation and meridional circulation for the northern solar hemisphere, respectively (c, d). The radial profile of the differential rotation (c) is given at 0°, 20°, 40°, 60°, and 80° northern latitudes, from top to bottom, while the meridional circulation (d) is given at 45° N latitude.