Abundances by mass of ¹H, ⁴He, ¹²C, and ¹⁶O as a function of the fractional mass (upper panel), the Ledoux term B (middle panel), and the logarithm of the squared Brunt–Väisälä and Lamb frequencies (lower panel), corresponding to a CO-core WD model with M_⋆ = 1.10 M_⊙, log(M_H/M_⋆)= − 6, and T_eff ∼ 11 600 K. Latent heat release and chemical redistribution caused by phase separation have been taken into account during crystallization (LH+PS case). The gray area marks the domain of crystallization. M_c/M_⋆ is the fraction of the crystallized mass of the model.