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Table 1
Input parameters, their symbols, and their fiducial values.
| Stellar mass | M⋆ | 1 M⊙ |
| Gas accretion rate | Ṁgas | 5 × 10−9 M⊙ yr−1 |
| Total disk mass | Mdisk | 0.04 M⊙ |
| Disk outer radius | rout | 55 au |
| Metallicity | Z | 0.01 |
| Ice fraction outer disk | fice,out | 0.5 |
| Initial particle size | sp | 0.1 μm |
| Turbulence strength | α | 10−3 |
| Fragm. threshold, icy | vfrag,icy | 10 m s−1 |
| Fragm. threshold, silicate | vfrag,dry | 3 m s−1 |
| Viscous temp. at 1 au | Tvisc,1au | 350 K |
| Irradiation temp. at 1 au | Tirr,1au | 177 K |
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