Reconstruction of UV/SSI integrated over Lyman-α (panel a), 115–400 nm (marked UV on the axis label, panel b), 400–700 nm (panel c), and wavelengths longward of 700 nm (IR) based on three isotope-based SN series (see legend in the plot) over the period 1000 BC–2000 AD (panel d). The reconstruction based on the directly observed SN is shown in thick red line after 1639. All curves are decadal averages.