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Fig. 9.

image

Face-on V-band images of some S0-like remnants with observable ICs. Different zoom levels and colour scales have been used in the panels to emphasise ICs such as lenses, ovals, inner discs, inner spirals, inner rings, pseudo-rings, and nuclear bars. In all cases, μlim(V) = 26 mag arcsec−2 (S/N = 5). First row: original images (with no smoothing) for a FoV of 100 × 100 kpc2, using a logarithmic grayscale that saturates at the centre to highlight the structures at the intermediate galaxy body, such as inner spirals, pseudo-rings, and inner rings. Some lenses and ovals are also noticeable in these views. Second row: same images as in the top panels, but using a Gaussian smoothing with σ = 10 pixels (or 2.5″) to emphasise the faint outer structures. The logarithmic colour scale used here, the isophotes (yellow), and the locations of Rbulge, Rlens, and Rlim delimit the real extension of the structures in the top panels. Third row: magnification of the central 50 × 50 kpc2, applying a Gaussian smoothing of σ = 4 pixels (equivalent to 1″) and using a logarithmic grayscale that highlights the ovals and lenses (the outer disc is masked by the lowest – black – level). All major-merger S0-like remnants have an axisymmetric lens, except for two, which host an oval instead (one is shown here: gSbgSbo16). All minor-merger S0 remnants have an oval surrounding the central bar, as gS0dSao104. Fourth row: same images as in the third row, but using a Gaussian smoothing with σ = 4 pixels (1″) and a colour scale. The isophotes and the outer radii help to identify the lenses and ovals of the third row. Fifth row: magnification of the innermost 10 × 10 kpc2 of the original images. The logarithmic staircase colour scale unveils the structure of the galaxy core, revealing nuclear bars with sizes of ~1–2 kpc and compact nuclear sources (in red, possibly affected by the softening of the simulations), as well as embedded inner discs (there are faint inner spiral patterns in gSdgSdo1 and gSdgSdo42, in dark green).

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